Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer

Among the new generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology reached top efficiencies in a few years. Currently, main objective to further develop PSCs is related fabrication of stable devices with cost-effective materials and reliable processes achieve possible industrialization pathway. In n-i-p device configuration, hole transporting material (HTM) used most highly doped organic spiro-fluorene-based (Spiro-OMeTAD). addition high cost its complex synthesis, this has different issues such as poor photo, thermal moisture stability. Here, we test on small large area commercially available HTM (X55, Dyenamo) core made by low-cost fluorene–xantene units. The one-pot synthesis compound reduces 30 times respect Spiro-OMeTAD. optoelectronic performances properties are characterized through JV measurement, IPCE (incident photon current efficiency), steady-state photoluminescence ISOS stability test. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images reveal uniform pinhole free coverage X55 surface, which charge recombination losses improves performance relative Spiro-OMeTAD from 16% 17%. ISOS-D-1 cells without any encapsulation reports an efficiency drop about 15% after 1000 h compared 30% for reference case.